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hi my name is taylor plattner and i will

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be talking about identifying field sites

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that have high biosignature preservation

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potential in planetary analog brand

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mars is proposed to have undergone a

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shift from a relatively water-rich world

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with neutral ph toward a more arid

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environment that became dominated by

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saline and acidic waters induced by

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extensive weathering of the basaltic

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bedrock this is marked in the rock

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record by shift from clay-dominated

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rocks to sulfate-rich minerals and opal

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in silica

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and from the various aqueous minerals

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images detected many locations on mars

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show evidence of the customary

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environments that indicate diverse

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aqueous conditions and as i talk about

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like history environments throughout

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this talk

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all i mean when i say liquestrian is

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being associated or related to lakes

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and if you can imagine

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various equestrian environments across

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the surface of mars in the past during

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the nowakian era the problem with

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understanding these little customer

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environments is that we don't know how

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truly habitable these environments

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really were

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because much remains to be understood

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about the early environmental conditions

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on mars

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in addition we also don't know how this

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transition from wet to dry affected the

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preservation of potential biomarkers so

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much remains to be understood about

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early mars

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and its environmental conditions and the

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preservation of potential biomarkers and

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these customer environments

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we are slowly learning what early mars

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was like from various rover missions

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that explored past water environments on

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mars such as spirit opportunity

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curiosity and now perseverance from the

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various images that have been returned

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to us from these river missions it's

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real lake beds that are geochemically

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complex

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for example hematite blueberries that

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were imaged by opportunity and

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cross-bedding images seen by curiosity

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and from these various images

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it indicates that the feature that you

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see on the surface of mars had to have

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had long-term interactions with water to

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produce the features seen here

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and on earth we know when you have these

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long-term interactions with water and

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rock the composition of your surface

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water and ground water is largely

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controlled by the reactions of water

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with rock and minerals that it's

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associated with and so these water rock

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processes can influence the ph salinity

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water activity

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and bulk chemistry

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of your water and so these water

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reactions are really important in terms

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of habitability and how this could

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affect the preservation of potential

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biomarkers

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and on mars we only can look at the

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rocks that were influenced by lake water

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however with analog lakes on earth such

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as the western australia transiting

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lakes we can actually understand these

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water rock processes and understand how

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habitable these environments were

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and how it could potentially preserve

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biomarkers over time by looking at these

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analog lakes that are going through

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these active wet dry cycles and so we

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can actually understand

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more about these water rock processes

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from these custom environments we know

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as they go through a dry stage that they

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evaporate out various minerals such as

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gypsum and halite and i'm focusing on

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gypsum and halite in this talk because

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the analog lakes i'm talking about are

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either halite or gypsum dominated

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and as we know when these lakes go

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through dry states they've evaporated

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out these minerals and when they do this

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they can entomb bias signatures

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various evaporites have been documented

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to preserve

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cells or

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molecules for upwards of thousands to

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millions of years

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and this is just an example on the left

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of preservation and gypsum and on the

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right is preservation and halite so

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we can identify these the customer

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environments from orbit by identifying

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either gypsum or halite

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remotely and when we do this

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in turn we can also identify areas that

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have a high biosignature preservation

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potential

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the analog lakes that i'm interested in

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are called the western australia

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transient lakes

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and they're really unique to mars in

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terms of their age and composition

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these host rocks that the lakes sit on

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are about the same age as the hesperian

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and novakian terrains on mars and in

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addition they have a similar composition

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to various little customer environments

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on mars such as murdani platinum and

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and in addition these lakes are also

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interesting because they have a wide

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range of geochemical conditions

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including ph salinity and temperatures

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which we think that mars could have had

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a wide range of geochemical conditions

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in the past and this image is just

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showing what these western australia

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transit legs look like

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and as you can see there's multiple of

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them

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and so what i'm going to most will be

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focusing on this talk is using remote

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sensing to inform site selection of

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these lakes so down selecting from

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hundreds of lakes

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to a small section of lakes to go sample

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in situ

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as i was saying earlier the western

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australia trains and lakes go through

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these wet dry cycles and as they do this

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the geochemical conditions change

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and so what i'm showing here is a

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schematic diagram going through each of

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the stages

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and as they do this their geochemical

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response

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to that stage and so the first one is

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the wet stage or the flooding stage in

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which all your vaporites are basically

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dissolved and

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in this stage you're going to have

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the most basic water and it's going to

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be the least saline

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and then when you slowly evaporate out

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water you're going to start to perform

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your precipitates such as halite and

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gypsum because these western style

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transients are gypsum or halite

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dominated lakes

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and when you evaporate out these

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minerals this is when you can attune

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biomarkers and this is when your ph is

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going to become more acidic and more

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saline

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and then finally in your dry stage this

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is when you've evaporated out all your

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water

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and you have these thick halite and

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gypsum beds this is when your

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late chemistries are going to be the

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most acidic and the most saline and so

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motivation for this

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is trying to identify these cycles

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from orbit so that we can

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influence our

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sampling time so that we can capture

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both the wet and the dry cycle so we can

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capture how these lakes are changing

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over time and how that is affecting

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habitability of the system

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and in turn affecting preservation of

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so how do i identify

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these wet dry cycles from orbit i did

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this by using landsat 8 data from usgs

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and i completed band ratio images

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specifically using band 5 and band 6 of

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landsat 8 because it uniquely these

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bands uniquely define the distribution

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of gypsum

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and specifically i'm focusing on gypsum

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right now because these legs are either

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halite or gypsum dominated and what

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you're seeing in this image is a

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spectrum of gypsum and

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this is showing where band 5 and band 6

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of landsat covers

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and so this band 5 is covering a highly

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a highly reflective portion of the

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gypsum spectrum and the band 6 is

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covering a highly absorptive feature of

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the gypsum spectrum and when you take a

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band ratio of those two bands what

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you'll get in the return image is

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showing that the bright areas are gonna

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indicate gypsum and so that's what i'm

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gonna show

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in a couple of slides when i show my

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band ratio images

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and really quick i just wanted to show

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where these lakes were at on a map so

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all the red dots are the western

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australia transient links which are

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documented in the literature

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and

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i basically looked at all of these lakes

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over several years

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to see if i could identify whether

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they're going through wet dry cycles

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over time

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and so what you'll see in the return

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images is that the

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southern grouping of lakes acts

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differently than the rest of these lakes

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the eastern northern and central lakes

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and these are just based off

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um grouped off by their geographical

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location

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and these southern light groupings act

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differently because if you look at the

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precipitation and climate data

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this location gets more average rainfall

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than the rest of the lakes in local

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winter in australia and so that's what

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okay so what i'm going to show in the

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next couple images

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are these two subsets of lakes so on the

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left is going to be in blue

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it's going to be the southern region of

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lakes on the right and red is going to

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be this small subset of the eastern

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grouping of lakes

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so this is southern region and then this

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is the eastern region and this is just a

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color image of the lakes

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and on the top row is going to be local

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summer in western australia and the

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monroe's local winter in australia

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and what you'll see again in the

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southern region of lakes is that they

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act differently than the rest of the

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lakes

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and

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you can really see this in january

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and july and this is because in local

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summer this is when

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these lakes are going the southern

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grouping of lakes are going through a

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dry stage and then in july they're going

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through a wet stage whereas these

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eastern grouping of flakes you can't

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okay so this is the band ratio images

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that i did to indicate that gypsum was

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present again this is the southern

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region of lakes and this is the eastern

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grouping of flakes

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and this is the band ratio image not the

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color image so this is

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again local

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summer is the top row and local winner

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is the bottom row and so what you'll see

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that is different in the southern region

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of lakes rather than in the eastern

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region is that

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these southern region lakes are really

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going through a dry stage in a wet stage

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again this dry stage is when you've

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evaporated all your minerals this is

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going to be the most acidic and most

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saline whereas in the wet stage you've

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dissolved all your minerals and it's

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going to be the least saline and the

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most basic so we want to sample both of

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these times

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to understand what's happening over time

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in these western australia transient

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lakes and whereas in the eastern

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groupings of lakes you really can't tell

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what is happening

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00:10:12,949 --> 00:10:09,839
over time whether it's going through a

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wet dry cycle or not

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based off the remote sensing results

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most of the lakes don't show the

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seasonal variations only the southern

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regions of lakes really show

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a trend as they go through these wet dry

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cycles

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and this is important when we actually

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go sample these measuring

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these lakes in situ

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so we actually get context

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when we sample

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and from these results it's really

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motivation for a second sampling season

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for the southern region of the lakes so

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we want to go to the western australia

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lakes and sample twice at different

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times and the local winter in local

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summer so that we capture these wet dry

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cycles that the southern region of lakes

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are going to

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whereas the other group of lakes such as

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central eastern and northern lakes we

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can really sample

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now to complete this work i want to

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ground truth with the spectrometer to

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identify

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gypsum and situ so that we can

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verify whether what we're seeing in the

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remote sensing images is actually gypsum

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in addition i want to further map and

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identify gypsum using the spectral angle

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mapper classification and envy

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and then lastly i want to extend present

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work

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to include

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halite by using astra data

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because you need the thermal infrared to

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identify chlorides and i'm going to do

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this by using a method developed by

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alice baldridge which was then